Following the split with FIDE when World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov defended his title in a match with Nigel Short in 1993 outside of FIDE, there had been two world chess champions, the “Classical Champion” who had won his title by defeating the current champion in a long match, and the FIDE World Champion who had won one of the World Championship tournaments organized by FIDE.

Garry Kasparov lost a match to Kramnik in 2000 so Kramnik became the “Classical World Champion”. Numerous efforts to unify the championship by arranging a match between the FIDE Champion and the Classical Champion had fallen through until FIDE President Kirsan Ilyumzhinov put up a million dollar prize for a match between Kramnik and the FIDE Champion Topalov. Kramnik won the match but a scandal arose because Kramnik had spent excessive amounts of time on the toilet during the match which may have given him the opportunity to cheat using a cell phone computer.

This became known as “The ToiletGate Affair”. This book by Grandmaster Raymond Keene proves through in depth analysis of the moves in the games that cheating did NOT occur by either side in the match, because both of them played so badly that cheating could not have been involved. No computer would have made the mistakes that they made. This result is confirmed by computer chess data analysis through an independent computer study that also shows that no cheating was involved.